Every edition of TC 3-20.31 highlights "Training Deficiencies." Here is what the PDF warns leaders to avoid:

TC 3-20.31 establishes a structured, progressive training strategy. A crew cannot simply show up to a live-fire range; they must progress through prerequisites.

The best and most official way to access TC 3-20.31 is through the United States Army's official publications portal or military databases. Here are some steps to find and access the PDF:

TC 3-20.31 is the Army’s definitive doctrinal manual for crew gunnery training and qualification. While many manuals focus on individual weapons (rifle or pistol), TC 3-20.31 focuses on the platform. Historically, this applied primarily to the M1 Abrams tank and the M2/M3 Bradley Fighting Vehicle, though its principles guide all crew-served, mounted weapon systems.

The circular replaces older versions of TC 17-12 and 3-20.21, consolidating decades of gunnery lessons learned into a single, progressive training strategy.