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4.4.14.3 IMAP
.. ( )

IMAP 4.1
A.

IMAP 4.1 (INTERNET MESSAGE ACCESS PROTOCOL - VERSION 4rev1, V.Crispin, RFC-2060, December 1996) TCP 143. IMAP 993. IMAP POP-3. - .


POP3 IMAP ( ).

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IMAP 4.1 . , . , , , CRLF. ( ) , .

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. - ( - , A0001, A0002 ..), (tag). . , , , . - , (. ). - (. authenticate). , . "+".

: , , , bad , - .

( ) . , , . .

IMAP 4.1 , , , . .

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, , , , "*" .

. .

. , , . , , , . : ok ( ), no ( ) bad ( , , ).

IMAP 4.1 . , "*" "+".

. , . , , .

. .

IMAP 4.1 .

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32- , 64- , . , UID, .

, , . [IMAP-DISC].

UID uidvalidity (ok) . UID - , UID .


UID . IMAP, UID , UID .

UID . , UID. UID 32- . 1, , , .

UID , . UID , , UID .

, 1. 1 , .

. , , . , .

, . , 287 , 523 , UID 12345, 286 , UID 236 UID.

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, . . IMAP 4.1. .

, . "\". (\deleted \seen) , . :

\seen
\answered
\flagged "" ,
\deleted expunge
\draft (, ).
\recent . , ; \recent. .

, , . . "\". . ; , .


\recent . \recent store, .

. , [RFC-822], . [SMTP], . , IMAP 4.1 copy, . IMAP 4.1 append, , append.

( [RFC-822]). [RFC-822]. [MIME-IMB]. , RFC-822, IMAP 4.1 . .

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IMAP 4.1 . . , . bad no .

, . , .

, . , .

, . .


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. 4.4.14.2.1. IMAP

(1) C ( OK)
(2) C ( PREAUTH)
(3) ( BYE)
(4) LOGIN AUTHENTICATE
(5) SELECT EXAMINE
(6) CLOSE, SELECT EXAMINE
(7) LOGOUT, ,

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IMAP 4.1 . IMAP 4.1 : , , , , NIL.

.

.

: . . , , , .

( CR LF). , . , CRLF. CRLF . , .

7- CR LF, (<">). "" {0}, CRLF.

: , , .

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8- [MIME-IMB]. IMAP 4.1 8- , , [CHARSET]. BINARY, . " " - NUL . , BASE64, . CTL .

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, , . . () - .

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"NIL" - . "" ().

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. INBOX , " " ( ). . , .

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, "#" . , , USENET "#news", . , comp.mail.misc "#news.comp.mail.misc", "comp.mail.misc" (., ).

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UTF-7, [UTF-7]. , UTF-7:

  1. UTF-7 "+" ; "+" , USENET.
  2. UTF-7 BASE64, "/", "/" .
  3. UTF-7 "\"; "\" .
  4. UTF-7 "~", , , (home).
  5. UTF-7 , , US-ASCII .

UTF-7, US-ASCII "&" ; , 0x20-0x25 0x27-0x7e. "&" (0x26) "&-". ( 0x00-0x1f, 0x7f-0xff, 16- ) BASE64, [UTF-7]. BASE64 US-ASCII, .

"&" BASE64 "-" US-ASCII. US-ASCII, US-ASCII ( , , 16- , "-"). , , : ~peter/mail/&ZeVnLIqe-/&U,BTFw-

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, . , . , , , , (, ), . , . , . , ( EXPUNGE). . , .

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( EXPUNGE), . , , . , (1) , , (2) .

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, , , 30 . .

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, , .

, . , , - . , .

, , FETCH STORE .

, EXPUNGE ( FETCH, STORE SEARCH), EXPUNGE . FETCH, STORE SEARCH, EXPUNGE, . , , FETCH, STORE SEARCH, , , . , ( ) :

FETCH + NOOP + STORE
STORE + COPY + FETCH
COPY + COPY
CHECK + FETCH

, :

FETCH + STORE + SEARCH + CHECK
STORE + COPY + EXPUNGE

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IMAP 4.1. , .

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: CAPABILITY, NOOP LOGOUT.

5.1.1. CAPABILITY

: .
: : CAPABILITY.
: OK - ;
BAD - <./p>

CAPABILITY , . CAPABILITY "IMAP 4.1" , OK. . , CAPABILITY . , "AUTH=" , . . , "blurdybloop" "AUTH=XBLURDYBLOOP", "XAUTH=BLURDYBLOOP" "XAUTH=XBLURDYBLOOP".

, .

: C: abcd CAPABILITY
S: * CAPABILITY IMAP 4.1 AUTH=KERBEROS_V4
S: abcd OK CAPABILITY completed

5.1.2. NOOP

: .
: .
: OK - ;
BAD - ;
NOOP .

, NOOP , . NOOP - .

: C: a002 NOOP
S: a002 OK NOOP completed
. . .
C: a047 NOOP
S: * 22 EXPUNGE
S: * 23 EXISTS
S: * 3 RECENT
S: * 14 FETCH (FLAGS (\Seen \Deleted))
S: a047 OK NOOP completed

5.1.3. LOGOUT

: .
: BYE.
: OK - ;
BAD - .

LOGOUT , . BYE, OK, .

: C: A023 LOGOUT
S: * BYE IMAP 4.1 Server logging out
S: A023 OK LOGOUT completed
( )

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, AUTHENTICATE LOGIN . IMAP RFC-1731. AUTHENTICATE , LOGIN .

. LOGIN "anonymous". . .

. (CAPABILITY, NOOP LOGOUT), : AUTHENTICATE LOGIN.

5.2.1. AUTHENTICATE

: .
: .

OK , " ";
NO : , ;
BAD , .

AUTHENTICATE , [IMAP-AUTH]. , . . , AUTHENTICATE NO.

. - "+", BASE64. , BASE64. , , "*". , AUTHENTICATE, BAD.

. , , . CRLF, , CRLF OK . , . , , . - .

. ; - . AUTHENTICATE NO, , AUTHENTICATE, LOGIN. , , LOGIN .

: S: * OK KerberosV4 IMAP4rev1 Server
C: A001 AUTHENTICATE KERBEROS_V4
S: + AmFYig==
C: BAcAQU5EUkVXLkNNVS5FRFUAOCAsho84kLN3/IJmrMG+25a4DT
+nZImJjnTNHJUtxAA+o0KPKfHEcAFs9a3CL5Oebe/ydHJUwYFd
WwuQ1MWiy6IesKvjL5rL9WjXUb9MwT9bpObYLGOKi1Qh
S: + or//EoAADZI=
C: DiAF5A4gA+oOIALuBkAAmw==
S: A001 OK Kerberos V4 authentication successful

5.2.2. LOGIN

: , .
: - .
: OK - login , ;
NO - login : ;
BAD - .

LOGIN .

: C: a001 LOGIN SMITH SESAME
S: a001 OK LOGIN completed

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" " , -. SELECT EXAMINE "" .

(CAPABILITY, NOOP LOGOUT), " " : SELECT, EXAMINE, CREATE, DELETE, RENAME, SUBSCRIBE, UNSUBSCRIBE, LIST, LSUB, STATUS APPEND.

5.3.1. SELECT

: .
: : FLAGS, EXISTS, RECENT;
OK: UNSEEN, PERMANENTFLAGS.

: OK - , "";
NO - : , ;
BAD - .

SELECT , , . OK, :

FLAGS - , .
<n> EXISTS .
<n> RECENT \Recent.
OK [UIDVALIDITY <n> ] .

"" OK, .

, FLAGS, OK PERMANENTFLAGS, , .

. . SELECT . , , SELECT , . , OK "[READ-WRITE]".

, , " " OK SELECT "[READ-ONLY]". " " , EXAMINE, . .newsrc , " ".

: C: A142 SELECT INBOX
S: * 172 EXISTS
S: * 1 RECENT
S: * OK [UNSEEN 12] Message 12 is first unseen
S: * OK [UIDVALIDITY 3857529045] UIDs valid
S: * FLAGS (\Answered \Flagged \Deleted \Seen \Draft)
S: * OK [PERMANENTFLAGS (\Deleted \Seen \*)] Limited
S: A142 OK [READ-WRITE] SELECT completed

5.3.2. EXAMINE

: .
: : FLAGS, EXISTS, RECENT;
OK: UNSEEN, PERMANENTFLAGS.

: OK , " " ;
NO , " "; ; ;
BAD .

EXAMINE SELECT , , " ". . OK EXAMINE "[READ-ONLY]".

: C: A932 EXAMINE blurdybloop
S: * 17 EXISTS
S: * 2 RECENT
S: * OK [UNSEEN 8] Message 8 is first unseen
S: * OK [UIDVALIDITY 3857529045] UIDs valid
S: * FLAGS (\Answered \Flagged \Deleted \Seen \Draft)
S: * OK [PERMANENTFLAGS ()] No permanent flags permitted
S: A932 OK [READ-ONLY] EXAMINE completed

5.3.3. CREATE

: .
: - .

OK ;
NO : ;
BAD .

CREATE . OK , . INBOX , , . NO.

( , LIST), . , , .

- - , , CREATE. , "foo/bar/zap" , "/" , foo/ foo/bar/, .

, , , UID.

: C: A003 CREATE owatagusiam/
S: A003 OK CREATE completed
C: A004 CREATE owatagusiam/blurdybloop
S: A004 OK CREATE completed

: , "/" . "/" , "owatagusiam" "blurdybloop". .

5.3.4. DELETE

: .
: - .
: OK - ;
NO - : ;
BAD - .

DELETE . OK , . INBOX .

DELETE , . , "foo" "foo.bar" (, "." ), "foo" "foo.bar". , , \Noselect.

, , \Noselect. , \Noselect.

, , UID.

: C: A682 LIST "" *
S: * LIST () "/" blurdybloop
S: * LIST (\Noselect) "/" foo
S: * LIST () "/" foo/bar
S: A682 OK LIST completed
C: A683 DELETE blurdybloop
S: A683 OK DELETE completed
C: A684 DELETE foo
S: A684 NO Name "foo" has inferior hierarchical names
C: A685 DELETE foo/bar
S: A685 OK DELETE Completed
C: A686 LIST "" *
S: * LIST (\Noselect) "/" foo
S: A686 OK LIST completed
C: A687 DELETE foo
S: A687 OK DELETE Completed
C: A82 LIST "" *
S: * LIST () "." blurdybloop
S: * LIST () "." foo
S: * LIST () "." foo.bar
S: A82 OK LIST completed
C: A83 DELETE blurdybloop
S: A83 OK DELETE completed
C: A84 DELETE foo
S: A84 OK DELETE Completed
C: A85 LIST "" *
S: * LIST () "." foo.bar
S: A85 OK LIST completed
C: A86 LIST "" %
S: * LIST (\Noselect) "." foo
S: A86 OK LIST completed

5.3.5. RENAME

: , .
: - .

: OK ;
NO : , ;
BAD .

RENAME . OK , . . NO.

, . , "foo" "zap" "foo/bar" (, "/" ) "zap/bar".

, , UID.

INBOX , . , INBOX . INBOX, INBOX.

: C: A682 LIST "" *
S: * LIST () "/" blurdybloop
S: * LIST (\Noselect) "/" foo
S: * LIST () "/" foo/bar
S: A682 OK LIST completed
C: A683 RENAME blurdybloop sarasoop
S: A683 OK RENAME completed
C: A684 RENAME foo zowie
S: A684 OK RENAME Completed
C: A685 LIST "" *
S: * LIST () "/" sarasoop
S: * LIST (\Noselect) "/" zowie
S: * LIST () "/" zowie/bar
S: A685 OK LIST completed
C: Z432 LIST "" *
S: * LIST () "." INBOX
S: * LIST () "." INBOX.bar
S: Z432 OK LIST completed
C: Z433 RENAME INBOX old-mail
S: Z433 OK RENAME completed
C: Z434 LIST "" *
S: * LIST () "." INBOX
S: * LIST () "." INBOX.bar
S: * LIST () "." old-mail
S: Z434 OK LIST completed

5.3.6. SUBSCRIBE

: .
: - .
: OK - ;
NO - : ;
BAD - .

SUBSCRIBE "" "" , LSUB. OK .

SUBSCRIBE, . , .

: , , , "system-alerts") , .

: C: A002 SUBSCRIBE #news.comp.mail.mime
S: A002 OK SUBSCRIBE completed

5.3.7. UNSUBSCRIBE

: .
: - .
: OK - ;
NO - : ;
BAD - .

UNSUBSCRIBE "" "" , LSUB. OK , .

: C: A002 UNSUBSCRIBE #news.comp.mail.mime
S: A002 OK UNSUBSCRIBE completed

5.3.8. LIST

: ,
(wildcard).
: LIST.

: OK list ;
NO : list ;
BAD .

LIST , . LIST, , .

LIST . , (\Marked \Unmarked) , , 1200 20 .

, (""), , , SELECT. . , . ("") , . , , , . . , , .

- . .

, , . , . , . , .

, UNIX:

~smith/Mail/ foo.* ~smith/Mail/foo.*
Archive/ % archive/%
#news. comp.mail.* #news.comp.mail.*
~smith/Mail/ /usr/doc/foo /usr/doc/foo
archive/ ~fred/Mail/* ~fred/Mail/*

. , "~smith/Mail" - "/u2/users/smith/Mail", , .

"*" (wildcard), . "%" "*", . "%" , . , , \Noselect. , (wildcard). , UNIX "*" , "/" .

INBOX LIST, INBOX , "INBOX", , .

: C: A101 LIST "" ""

S: * LIST (\Noselect) "/" ""
S: A101 OK LIST Completed
C: A102 LIST #news.comp.mail.misc ""
S: * LIST (\Noselect) "." #news.
S: A102 OK LIST Completed
C: A103 LIST /usr/staff/jones ""
S: * LIST (\Noselect) "/" /
S: A103 OK LIST Completed
C: A202 LIST ~/Mail/ %
S: * LIST (\Noselect) "/" ~/Mail/foo
S: * LIST () "/" ~/Mail/meetings
S: A202 OK LIST completed

5.3.9. LSUB

: -,
(wildcards).
: : LSUB

: OK ;
NO : ;
BAD .

LSUB , "" "". LSUB. LSUB , LIST.

, , . , LSUB \Noselect. , .

: C: A002 LSUB "#news." "comp.mail.*"
S: * LSUB () "." #news.comp.mail.mime
S: * LSUB () "." #news.comp.mail.misc
S: A002 OK LSUB completed

5.3.10. STATUS

: , .
: : STATUS.
: OK - ;
NO - : ;
BAD - .

STATUS . - ( STATUS \Recent).

STATUS IMAP 4.1 EXAMINE , , .

LIST, STATUS . " ", . , STATUS . , :

MESSAGES
RECENT \Recent
UIDNEXT , . , , . UID , .
UIDVALIDITY
UNSEEN , \Seen

: C: A042 STATUS blurdybloop (UIDNEXT MESSAGES)
S: * STATUS blurdybloop (MESSAGES 231 UIDNEXT 44292)
S: A042 OK STATUS completed

5.3.11. APPEND

: ,
- ,
- ,

: -

: OK
NO : , /,
BAD

APPEND . [RFC-822]. 8- . , 8- , 8- APPEND 7-, [MIME-IMB]. , , .

date_time, , , . append - , , APPEND.

, , . , , "[TRYCREATE]" NO. CREATE, , , APPEND.

, . , EXISTS. , APPEND NOOP ( CHECK).

: C: A003 APPEND saved-messages (\Seen) {310}
C: Date: Mon, 7 Feb 1994 21:52:25 -0800 (PST)
C: From: Fred Foobar
C: Subject: afternoon meeting
C: To: mooch@owatagu.siam.edu
C: Message-Id:
C: MIME-Version: 1.0
C: Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; CHARSET=US-ASCII
C:
C: Hello Joe, do you think we can meet at 3:30 tomorrow?
C:
S: A003 OK APPEND completed

: APPEND , [SMTP].

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" ", , . (CAPABILITY, NOOP LOGOUT), (SELECT, EXAMINE, CREATE, DELETE, RENAME, SUBSCRIBE, UNSUBSCRIBE, LIST, LSUB, STATUS APPEND), : CHECK, CLOSE, EXPUNGE, SEARCH, FETCH, STORE, COPY UID.

5.4.1. CHECK

: .
: - ;
: OK - ;
BAD - .

CHECK . , (, ). , NOOP.

, CHECK . NOOP, CHECK.

: C: FXXZ CHECK
S: FXXZ OK CHECK Completed

5.4.2. CLOSE

: .
: - .
: OK - , " ";
NO - , ;
BAD - .

CLOSE , \Deleted, " ". EXPUNGE .

, EXAMINE " ".

, SELECT, EXAMINE LOGOUT CLOSE. SELECT, EXAMINE LOGOUT . , CLOSE-LOGOUT CLOSE-SELECT , EXPUNGE-LOGOUT EXPUNGE-SELECT, EXPUNGE ( ).

: C: A341 CLOSE
S: A341 OK CLOSE completed

5.4.3. EXPUNGE

: .
: : EXPUNGE.
: OK - ;
NO - : (, );
BAD - .

EXPUNGE , \Deleted. OK, EXPUNGE .

: C: A202 EXPUNGE
S: * 3 EXPUNGE
S: * 3 EXPUNGE
S: * 5 EXPUNGE
S: * 8 EXPUNGE
S: A202 OK EXPUNGE completed

: , 3, 4, 7 11 \Deleted. , .

5.4.4. SEARCH

: , [CHARSET]-.
( ).
: : SEARCH.
: OK - ;
NO - : ;
BAD -

SEARCH , . . SEARCH , .

, ( AND) , . , DELETED FROM "SMITH" SINCE 1-Feb-1994 , 1- 1994. (, OR NOT).

[CHARSET] "CHARSET", [CHARSET]. [CHARSET] , . [MIME-IMB] [MIME-HDRS] [RFC-822]/[MIME-IMB] , [CHARSET], US-ASCII. US-ASCII , . [CHARSET], NO ( BAD).

, , , . . .

< > ,
ALL . AND
ANSWERED \Answered.
BCC <> , BCC .
BEFORE <> , .
BODY <> , .
CC <> , CC .
DELETED \Deleted.
DRAFT \Draft.
FLAGGED c \Flagged.
FROM <> , FROM .
HEADER < > <> , ( [RFC-822]) .
KEYWORD <> .
LARGER <n> [RFC-822] .
NEW , \Recent, \Seen. "(RECENT UNSEEN)".
NOT < > , .
OLD , \Recent. "NOT RECENT" ( "NOT NEW").
ON <> , .
OR < 1> < 2> , .
RECENT , \Recent.
SEEN , \Seen.
SENTBEFORE <> , , [RFC-822].
SENTON <> , , [RFC-822]
SENTSINCE <> , , [RFC-822]: .
SINCE <> , .
SMALLER <n> [RFC-822] .
SUBJECT <> , SUBJECT .
TEXT <> ,
TO <> , TO.
UID < > , .
UNANSWERED <>, \Answered.
UNDELETED , \Deleted.
UNDRAFT , \Draft.
UNFLAGGED , \Flagged.
UNKEYWORD <> , .
UNSEEN , \Seen.

: C: A282 SEARCH FLAGGED SINCE 1-Feb-1994 NOT FROM "Smith"
S: * SEARCH 2 84 882
S: A282 OK SEARCH completed

5.4.5. FETCH

: ,
.
: : FETCH
: OK - ;
NO - : ;
BAD - .

FETCH , . , . , :

ALL : (FLAGS INTERNALDATE RFC822.SIZE ENVELOPE)
BODY BODYSTRUCTURE.
BODY[

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High-quality video content has become increasingly important in today's digital age, not just for entertainment but also for educational and professional purposes. Here are a few reasons why:

The integration of high-fidelity video communication (“videocomin”) into digital social spaces has fundamentally altered the formation, maintenance, and narrative portrayal of romantic relationships. Unlike text-based or audio-only interactions, “extra quality” video—defined as low-latency, high-definition, emotionally expressive, and context-rich communication—enables non-verbal cues (micro-expressions, gaze, proximity) to be transmitted digitally. This report explores how such technology enhances relational depth, facilitates long-distance romance, and shapes romantic storylines in media, gaming, and virtual reality (VR).

We have spent a decade optimizing digital communication for speed and convenience. We have lost the art of the lingering look, the pregnant pause, the shared silence. Videocomin extra quality relationships and romantic storylines represent a return to what matters: texture, time, and truth. www sexy videocomin extra quality

Whether you are starting a new romance or sustaining a decades-long marriage through a business trip, do not settle for pixelated faces and choppy audio. Demand extra quality. Because your story deserves a canvas as rich as the emotions you feel.

In the end, love is not a data packet. It is a narrative. Ensure the tech you use honors that script. Are you ready to upgrade your love story

Are you ready to upgrade your love story? Explore platforms offering videocomin extra quality features today and write your own cinematic romance.

Before diving into the specifics of VideoComin’s approach, it is crucial to understand the void it fills. For decades, romance in film and television followed predictable formulas: the meet-cute, the conflict in the third act, and the rushed resolution. Viewers often felt like bystanders. Before diving into the specifics of VideoComin’s approach,

Interactive fiction and choice-based video games tried to solve this by offering dialogue options, but the "relationships" often felt transactional (e.g., giving gifts to raise a "love meter"). The emotional nuance was missing. VideoComin enters this space as a disruptor. The platform focuses on extra quality relationships—meaning that every glance, every withheld secret, and every shared victory is rendered with cinematic fidelity and narrative depth.

To access the "Extra Quality" content, you must understand the game's economy. Developers hide the best romance behind "Diamond Choices" or "Premium Choices."

Once you have chosen your target and unlocked the premium scenes, here is how the typical "Extra Quality" relationship arc develops: